Monday, May 25, 2020

The French Genre of Reverie - 4445 Words

Introduction It is irony rather than paradox that the French genre of rà ªverie should have been born of the rationalist 18th century, the sià ¨cle des lumià ¨res, which saw the emergence of scientific rationalism as the supreme authority in philosophy. Yet that was the period during which was also born what with hindsight we have decided to call pre-Romanticism, a movement connected with the cultivation of tenderness, the expression of feeling, and concern with the nonlogical, irrational forms of human experience, including rà ªves or dreams. The connection between the French Romantic movement and pre-Romanticism is actually tenuous, but continuity is apparent in the increasing interest in mental states, of which the rà ªverie represents one type, existing outside the sphere of strict logic and relaxing the enforcement of strict rational control. As a mental event, the rà ªverie, to which the English daydream is merely an approximation, represents only a moderated relaxation of rational control, such as used to be cultivated chiefly by imaginative artists and their followers in developing their sensitivity to nature and beauty, in search of aesthetic stimulus or satisfaction. Our inadequate vocabulary for dealing with such phenomena nonetheless allows us to distinguish the realm of imagination, in which the rà ªverie explores with some degree of realism the meaning of emotional experience, together with any possible alternative forms which it might take, from the realm of mereShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Chesterton And His Literary Masterpiece1794 Words   |  8 Pages1936, but it doesn’t matter. To those who know him and are passionate readers of his works, his wisdom lives on. To those like me who simply stumbled upon him, he lives again. In our hearts, his wisdom is timeless. Versatility of topic, address, genre, device, whatever more there is in the heaven and earth of mind and spirit brought to letters–such is the hallmark and mandate of Chesterton. He can be straightforward and for right, crisp and to the point, or witty, with a certain malice aforethoughtRead MoreThe Question of Ideology in Amitav Ghoshs the Hungry Tide5019 Words   |  21 Pagesto define ‘ideology’ that has become a key concept in Marxist criticism of literature and other arts, though it was not much discussed by Marx and Engels after The German Ideology which they wrote jointly in 1845-’46. Marx inherited the term from French philosophers of the late eighteenth century who used it to designate the study of the way that all general concepts develop from sense-perceptions. In Marxist criticism it is claimed that Human consciousness is constituted by an ideology – thatRead MoreAnalysis the Use of Stream of Consciousness in Mrs Dalloway8784 Words   |  36 Pagessuicide at home by throwing himself out of window in escape of being sent to one of Sir William’s homes. The two lines join together when Sir William Bradshaw tells Clarissa, in the midst of her party, of Septimus’s death, which inspires her vivid reverie of life and death at the end. In Mrs. Dalloway, Woolf not only depicts the English society after the first World War, which, although recovering from the tragedies of battle, death, and loss, lacks the calming influence of consistency and connection

Thursday, May 14, 2020

Term Papers about Electronic Crime

Electronic or cyber crime is a criminal activity, committed through the use of information technologies. Economies worldwide, business and individuals are effected by electronic crime increasingly more often every year. According to Internet Crime Complaint Center, in 2008 the number of electronic crimes in the USA has increased from 207 to 275 thousand, and resulted in a total loss of 264.6 million dollars (Limbach, n.d.). Multiple types of computer crime include cyber theft, cyber terrorism, creation of obscene or offensive content, harassment, drug trafficking, spam, information warfare, phishing scams, spreading computer viruses and malware. Types of Electronic Crime Cyber Theft Computer hackers use numerous methods to steal identities, break passwords and credit card numbers. In order to execute it they apply remote access programs like â€Å"trojan† and â€Å"worm†, or conduct phishing on the Internet to attract potential credit card holders to their website. In this way they not only steal money from an account, but ruin person’s credit and ability to obtain credit loans in the future. Credit card fraud is the most common Internet crime because 95% of all deals are made using credit cards (Krebs, 2009). Since consumers cannot control the way companies store their private information in databases, it becomes significantly hard for an individual to reduce the risk of identity theft. In any case each person should take precautions and never give access to his/her credit card to other people; be careful while entering pin-code, and do it quickly, preferably pressing numbers with more than one finger; notice possible micro-cameras, that ca n be installed on the top of automatic cash terminals. Email Fraud This type of fraud is related to spam that all Internet users receive every day. Frequently emails are sent from fake commercial or personal addresses, advertising products or investment offers. Spam senders buy private email addresses, create huge databases and send thousands of emails in a short period of time. Email fraud has to be under jurisdiction of web-police that in many countries simply does not exist or does not have enough knowledge or recourses to investigate this type of cyber crime on high level. Cyber Terrorism Computer terrorism is a deliberate politically founded attack of computer information, computer net or system, which poses a threat to life and well-being of people, provided that these activities are conducted, aiming at destroying public safety, intimidating of people, or provoking armed conflict. Cyber terrorism became one of the most dangerous kinds of cyber crime. Computer virus I love you is one of the examples of such terrorism. American group Computer Economic claims that this virus became the most harmful act of cyber terrorism ever registered in human history. During the first five days of its existence it crashed forty-five million computer networks and programs, even in the Pentagon and British parliament. Various ways to fight against cyber terrorism include effective cooperation with other countries and their special cybercrime combat units, as well as expand and strengthen international cooperation on legal aid matters connected to computer crime combat (Golubev, n.d.). Obscene or Offensive Content Spreading unlawful content means creating Internet websites with child pornography, blasphemous or racist content, or any other information that can cause cross-cultural or cross-religious hatred. There are no universal laws that would determine legitimacy of such content. Every country has its own legislation regulating this kind of issues. As for child pornography, it is illegal in most counties of the world. In the United States it is prohibited under 18 U.S.C. Chapter 110, Sexual Exploitation and Other Abuse of Children. The violation of this law by consuming child pornography can lead maximum five years in federal prison, and up to fifteen years for distribution of it. Drug Trafficking Drug traders create websites where they sell illegal substances, or send enciphered email to potential consumers. Internet investigation of 2008 in the USA found 365 websites, where people could buy forbidden drugs freely (Busko, 2008). Some of the drug traffickers meet with buyers in special chat rooms or internet cafes to arrange their deals. Information Warfare Computer attack on embassies and foreign ministries, coming from enemy countries, terrorist groups or individual hackers are called cyber or informational warfare. This term first appeared in 2007, after multiple information attacks on American embassy in Estonia (Bloomfield, 2007). This kind of warfare can deprive population of public transportation, elevators and communication. It can happen because critical infrastructure is connected to informational space, and becomes vulnerable to cyber piracy. Computer Viruses Harmful viruses, created by hackers, are able to jump from one communication system to another, spreading like infection. Viruses cannot be located at the time, because they are frequently used in combination with â€Å"logic bombs† or â€Å"time bombs†, which are able to hide the virus during a certain period of time. Real troubles appear as soon as it starts taking over the control and infecting programs, or even operational systems or web drivers. Quality licensed virus guard together with a â€Å"firewall† can protect computers from dangerous viruses and ensure their long-term use. Computer Crime Counteraction A research conducted by Dataquest Inc in March 2003 showed that the vast majority of companies are not able to fight against computer attacks and minimize their loss. As a result, 1/3 companies have lost valuable information and 24% of them failed to develop an action plan in case of a similar situation in the future (Lack of Disaster Plans, 2003). Professional approach to computer security matters within companies solves the problem by creating unique and complicated passwords, or setting strict corporate rules and punishment for employees. Nevertheless these measures do not guarantee absolute security for a company because â€Å"internal† hackers, namely company employees themselves, are more dangerous than â€Å"external† hackers. To effectively combat cyber crime is imperative to understand specific reasons for its spread, and use specific means to overcome it. In the beginning of 2003 the national system of cyber crime counteraction was created in the United States. It is described in National Cyber security Strategy and National Strategy for Physical Protection of Critical Infrastructures, where Critical infrastructures are shown as systems and assets, whether physical or virtual, so vital to the United States that the incapacity or destruction of such systems and assets would have a debilitating impact on security, national economic security, national public health or safety, or any combination of those matters. Punishment The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, a law passed by the US Congress in 1986 over time became a part of the US Code, where in paragraph 1030 (a) (4) computer fraud is defined as intentional unauthorized access with intention to obtain anything of value. The punishment for this crime is a fine or/and imprisonment for not more than 10 years. At present there are no less than six cyber crime federal laws operating in the United States. They are meant to fight against crime and protect information and telecommunication systems. However in each state there exist own special computer crime laws. For instance, computer crime section of Texas Penal Code includes only one type, defined as â€Å"intentional access to the computer, computer net or computer system without owner’s consent†. At the same time the California Penal Code contains a whole list of electronic crimes (paragraph 502). New anti-terrorism US legislation, passed in January 2003, implies a severe punishment system for computer crime, which are compared to grave federal crimes and acts of terrorism, and can result in a life sentence or long-term incarceration. Conclusion Progress granted humankind with immeasurable achievements and at the same time created electronic crime, which is viewed as increasing threat not only for the security of separate countries, but for the whole world community. Spam and pornography is imposed to users every day more often. Social crime shifted to the Internet, took a form of cyber crime, and created new dangerous threats such as information warfare and cyber terrorism. Computer crime is an issue of the outmost importance to the world governments. Every country has its own experience and laws to counteract cyber crime, as well as every modern person is aware of the methods to protect one’s own identity and computer from hacking. References Bloomfield, A. (2007). Russia accused over Estonian ‘cyber-terrorism’. The Telegraph. Retrieved November 30, 2010, from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1551850/Russia-accused-over-Estonian-cyber-terrorism.html Busko, M. (2008). Internet trafficking of controlled prescription drugs remains extensive. Medscape Today. Retrieved November 30, 2010 from http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/577728 Golubev, V. (n.d.). Cyber terrorism as a new form of terrorism. Retrieved November 29, 2010, from www.crime-research.org/library/Gol_tem3_eng.htm Krebs, B. (2009). Investment firms report increased debit and credit card fraud. The Washington Post. Retrieved December 1, 2010, from http://voices.washingtonpost.com/securityfix/2009/05/usg_credit_debit_card_fraud_re.html Limbach, J. (n.d.). Internet crime on rise. Retrieved November 30, 2010, from http://www.consumeraffairs.com/news04/2010/03/internet_crime.html Study Shows Lack of IT Disaster Plans. (2003). Retrieved November 30, 2010, from http://www.idg.net/ic_1192210_9677_1-5046.html

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The science of Star Wars is book written by Jeanne...

The science of Star Wars is book written by Jeanne Cavelos, it tries to link the content of the Star Wars trilogies with modern science. It offers the readers the plausibility of the phenomena that occurs in the world of Star Wars. The book is divided into five chapters excluding the introduction. She proceeds from environments to aliens and androids to spaceships and weapons to end with a chapter on â€Å"The Force†. The first Chapter is called Planetary Environments. It has four essays and seven section, sections headings include â€Å"You Can’t Have an Empire without Real Estate† and â€Å"The Bright Center of the Universe† and â€Å"A Planet a Day Keeps the Empire Away† etc. The topics she covers in this chapter includes things like formation of planets,†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Dawn of Wookiee† tells us about which bi- and quadrupedalisms are assessed and raises questions about why Wookiees originally lived in trees. The section â€Å"Slugfest† characterizes Jabba the Hutt and the predator space slug and what its diet would probably be. â€Å"When Teddy Bears have their Picnic† reviews the physiological and psychological characteristics of koalas, chimpanzees and Ewoks, and â€Å"Did You Leave Your Headlights On?† describes and evaluates Jawas and Sand People, optics, Photoreceptors and Bioluminescence. There is one signif icant point, that it is highly unlikely for aliens from different planets to survive in a single environment such as the Mos Eisley cantina. Example, Jabba being a slug supposedly moves using a mavelike motion by creating a coating of secreted slime, but in the 1997 version of the Episode IV, Jabba is seen easily moving around in the xerophytic environment of Tatooine where he should in fact be desiccating. The third chapter of the book is named â€Å"Droids† and is comprised of eight topics and two essays. The section â€Å"Wheels or Legs† assesses the relationship between body shape, coordination and locomotive capabilities of the droids. While the section â€Å"I, Droid† delves into the subjects of neural networks, rule based vs. case based intelligence systems and memory wipes. The other sections in this chapter include â€Å"Do You Hear What I Hear† which assesses the concepts of speaking with intelligence, the nature of

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Frank Black or Charles Michael Kittridge Thompson IV Essay Example For Students

Frank Black or Charles Michael Kittridge Thompson IV Essay Frank Black, also known by the stage name Black Francis real name Charles Michael Kittridge Thompson IV, born April 6, 1965 in Boston, Massachusetts, is an American musician. He was one of the founding members of the alternative rock band Pixies. Thompson was raised in Harbor City, California. He studied in the University of Massachusetts, before taking off to Puerto Rico as part of an exchange program. It was there where he reportedly spent six months in an apartment with a weird, psycho, roommate,Timeline 1 who inspired the song Crackity Jones. Many of the Pixies early songs refer to Thompsons experiences in Puerto Rico, most notably Isla De Encanta, incorrectly named after the islands motto, Isla Del Encanto Island of Charm. Thompson finally left his studies after thinking whether he would go to New Zealand to view Halleys Comet or to start a rock band with his former roommate from Massachusetts, Joey Santiago. The Pixies were active from 1986 to 1992. They found success primarily on college radioTimeslines 2 in America and became very popular in Britain and throughout Europe. They have kept a following, and have since been seen as one of the best and most influential rock groups of that style. His lyrics are noted for their sometimes weird references to unusual topics like outer space, unexplained phenomena such as UFOs, and even The Three Stooges. He has also used the Bible as a source for his stories, most known in the tale of Nimrods Son and the stories of Uriah and Bathsheba in Dead and Samson in Gouge Away. Lyrics with a focus on science fiction were mostly used on his three solo albums of the mid-1990s which were Frank Black, Teenager of the Year, and The Cult of Ray.All Music 3 With the Catholics, his lyrics have more often tended towards historical topics; for example, on Dog in the Sand, there is a song called St. Francis Dam Disaster, which is about the catastrophic collapse of the St. Francis Dam near Los Angeles in March, 1928 and the All My Ghosts ep featured an account of the Humboldt County Massacre of Wiyot Indians on February 26, 1860 near Eureka, California. This shows in in Thompsons songcraft, one left in two murder victim tributes: The Last Stand of Sh azeb Andleeb, eulogizing a Pakistani student at Narbonne High School in Harbor City, California who was beaten to death on May 18, 1995; and I Gotta Move, a copy for Eraserhead actor Jack Nance, who died from head trauma apparently sustained during an alteraction in the parking lot of Winchells Doughnut House in Pasadena on December 29, 1996. Other lyrics celebrate film, music and literature like directors Luis Bunuel in Debaser and Jacques Tati in The Jacques Tati; rockers Jonathan Richman The Man Who Was Too Loud, the Ramones I Heard Ramona Sing and singer Johnny Horton If It Takes All Night and writers Ray Bradbury The Cult of Ray and Madeleine LEngle Headache.